Catatan Dokter Muda/Anatomi Gigi dan Mulut

Macam Gigi

1. Gigi anterior (depan)
   • I: Incisor (gigi seri)
   • C: Caninus (gigi taring)
2. Gigi posterior (belakang)
   • P: Premolar
   • M: Molar (gigi geraham)

Sisi Gigi

1. Sisi atas
   • Sisi insisal: sisi pemotongan makanan (untuk gigi anterior)
   • Sisi oklusal: sisi pengunyahan makanan (untuk gigi posterior)
2. Sisi depan yang mengarah ke luar kavum oris (rongga mulut)
   • Sisi labial: sisi yang menghadap ke bibir (untuk gigi anterior)
   • Sisi bukal: sisi yang menghadap ke pipi (untuk gigi posterior)
3. Sisi oral: sisi belakang yang mengarah ke dalam kavum oris
   • Sisi palatal: sisi yang mengarah ke palatum (untuk gigi rahang atas)
   • Sisi glosal/lingual: sisi yang mengarah ke lidah (untuk gigi rahang bawah)
4. Sisi samping
   • Sisi mesial: sisi yang mengarah ke linea mediana (garis tengah)
   • Sisi distal: sisi yang mengarah ke ujung menjauhi linea mediana

Formula Gigi (Dental Formula)

• Formula gigi Sigmondi untuk posisi gigi

${\begin{array}{c|}Kanan\ atas\\\hline \end{array}}$	${\begin{array}{|c}Kiri\ atas\\\hline \end{array}}$
${\begin{array}{c|}\hline Kanan\ bawah\\\end{array}}$	${\begin{array}{|c}\hline Kiri\ bawah\\\end{array}}$

Gigi Tetap

• Digit pertama formula gigi FDI (Fédération dentaire internationale: Federasi dokter gigi internasional) untuk posisi gigi

${\begin{array}{c|c}1\ (Kanan\ atas)&2\ (Kiri\ atas)\\\hline 4\ (Kanan\ bawah)&3\ (Kiri\ bawah)\\\end{array}}$

• Formula gigi Sigmondi / Digit kedua formula gigi FDI untuk jenis gigi
  1. I1
  2. I2
  3. C1
  4. P1
  5. P2
  6. M1
  7. M2
  8. M3

• Formula gigi Sigmondi

${\begin{array}{c|c}8\ 7\ 6\ 5\ 4\ 3\ 2\ 1&1\ 2\ 3\ 4\ 5\ 6\ 7\ 8\\\hline 8\ 7\ 6\ 5\ 4\ 3\ 2\ 1&1\ 2\ 3\ 4\ 5\ 6\ 7\ 8\\\end{array}}$

• Formula gigi FDI

${\begin{array}{c|c}1.8\ 1.7\ 1.6\ 1.5\ 1.4\ 1.3\ 1.2\ 1.1&2.1\ 2.2\ 2.3\ 2.4\ 2.5\ 2.6\ 2.7\ 2.8\\\hline 4.8\ 4.7\ 4.6\ 4.5\ 4.4\ 4.3\ 4.2\ 4.1&3.1\ 3.2\ 3.3\ 3.4\ 3.5\ 3.6\ 3.7\ 3.8\\\end{array}}$

• Formula gigi Sigmondi dan FDI

Sigmondi	FDI		Sigmondi	FDI
${\begin{array}{c|}\\\hline \end{array}}$	1		${\begin{array}{|c}\\\hline \end{array}}$	2
${\begin{array}{c|}1\\\hline \end{array}}$	1.1		${\begin{array}{|c}1\\\hline \end{array}}$	2.1
${\begin{array}{c|}2\\\hline \end{array}}$	1.2		${\begin{array}{|c}2\\\hline \end{array}}$	2.2
${\begin{array}{c|}3\\\hline \end{array}}$	1.3		${\begin{array}{|c}3\\\hline \end{array}}$	2.3
${\begin{array}{c|}4\\\hline \end{array}}$	1.4		${\begin{array}{|c}4\\\hline \end{array}}$	2.4
${\begin{array}{c|}5\\\hline \end{array}}$	1.5		${\begin{array}{|c}5\\\hline \end{array}}$	2.5
${\begin{array}{c|}6\\\hline \end{array}}$	1.6		${\begin{array}{|c}6\\\hline \end{array}}$	2.6
${\begin{array}{c|}7\\\hline \end{array}}$	1.7		${\begin{array}{|c}7\\\hline \end{array}}$	2.7
${\begin{array}{c|}8\\\hline \end{array}}$	1.8		${\begin{array}{|c}8\\\hline \end{array}}$	2.8
${\begin{array}{c|}\hline \\\end{array}}$	4		${\begin{array}{|c}\hline \\\end{array}}$	3
${\begin{array}{c|}\hline 1\\\end{array}}$	4.1		${\begin{array}{|c}\hline 1\\\end{array}}$	3.1
${\begin{array}{c|}\hline 2\\\end{array}}$	4.2		${\begin{array}{|c}\hline 2\\\end{array}}$	3.2
${\begin{array}{c|}\hline 3\\\end{array}}$	4.3		${\begin{array}{|c}\hline 3\\\end{array}}$	3.3
${\begin{array}{c|}\hline 4\\\end{array}}$	4.4		${\begin{array}{|c}\hline 4\\\end{array}}$	3.4
${\begin{array}{c|}\hline 5\\\end{array}}$	4.5		${\begin{array}{|c}\hline 5\\\end{array}}$	3.5
${\begin{array}{c|}\hline 6\\\end{array}}$	4.6		${\begin{array}{|c}\hline 6\\\end{array}}$	3.6
${\begin{array}{c|}\hline 7\\\end{array}}$	4.7		${\begin{array}{|c}\hline 7\\\end{array}}$	3.7
${\begin{array}{c|}\hline 8\\\end{array}}$	4.8		${\begin{array}{|c}\hline 8\\\end{array}}$	3.8

Gigi Susu

• Digit pertama formula gigi FDI untuk posisi gigi

${\begin{array}{c|c}5\ (Kanan\ atas)&6\ (Kiri\ atas)\\\hline 8\ (Kanan\ bawah)&7\ (Kiri\ bawah)\\\end{array}}$

• Formula gigi Sigmondi / Digit kedua formula gigi FDI untuk jenis gigi

1. I1
2. I2
3. C1
4. M1
5. M2

• Formula gigi Sigmondi

${\begin{array}{c|c}5\ 4\ 3\ 2\ 1&1\ 2\ 3\ 4\ 5\\\hline 5\ 4\ 3\ 2\ 1&1\ 2\ 3\ 4\ 5\\\end{array}}$

• Formula gigi FDI

${\begin{array}{c|c}5.5\ 5.4\ 5.3\ 5.2\ 5.1&6.1\ 6.2\ 6.3\ 6.4\ 6.5\\\hline 8.5\ 8.4\ 8.3\ 8.2\ 8.1&7.1\ 7.2\ 7.3\ 7.4\ 7.5\\\end{array}}$

• Formula gigi Sigmondi dan FDI

Sigmondi	FDI		Sigmondi	FDI
${\begin{array}{c|}\\\hline \end{array}}$	5		${\begin{array}{|c}\\\hline \end{array}}$	6
${\begin{array}{c|}1\\\hline \end{array}}$	5.1		${\begin{array}{|c}1\\\hline \end{array}}$	6.1
${\begin{array}{c|}2\\\hline \end{array}}$	5.2		${\begin{array}{|c}2\\\hline \end{array}}$	6.2
${\begin{array}{c|}3\\\hline \end{array}}$	5.3		${\begin{array}{|c}3\\\hline \end{array}}$	6.3
${\begin{array}{c|}4\\\hline \end{array}}$	5.4		${\begin{array}{|c}4\\\hline \end{array}}$	6.4
${\begin{array}{c|}5\\\hline \end{array}}$	5.5		${\begin{array}{|c}5\\\hline \end{array}}$	6.5
${\begin{array}{c|}\hline \\\end{array}}$	8		${\begin{array}{|c}\hline \\\end{array}}$	7
${\begin{array}{c|}\hline 1\\\end{array}}$	8.1		${\begin{array}{|c}\hline 1\\\end{array}}$	7.1
${\begin{array}{c|}\hline 2\\\end{array}}$	8.2		${\begin{array}{|c}\hline 2\\\end{array}}$	7.2
${\begin{array}{c|}\hline 3\\\end{array}}$	8.3		${\begin{array}{|c}\hline 3\\\end{array}}$	7.3
${\begin{array}{c|}\hline 4\\\end{array}}$	8.4		${\begin{array}{|c}\hline 4\\\end{array}}$	7.4
${\begin{array}{c|}\hline 5\\\end{array}}$	8.5		${\begin{array}{|c}\hline 5\\\end{array}}$	7.5

Kode

• C: Caries (karies)
• F: Filling (tumpatan)
• I: Impacted tooth (impaksi gigi)
• L: Luxation (luksasi)
• M: Missing (hilang)
• P: Prosthesis (gigi palsu)
• R: Radix (akar)

Daftar Pustaka

1. (id) Putz R, Pabst R, editor. Sobotta, Atlas Anatomi Manusia Jilid 1. Edisi 21. Jakarta: Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC; 2000. h. 98 ‒ 105.

Pranala Luar

1. (id) Mozartha M. Anatomi Gigi [Internet]. [Tempat tidak diketahui]: Klikdokter; c2008 ‒ 2010 [dimutakhirkan 2010 Sep 27; diakses 2012 Feb 27]. Tersedia dari: http://www.klikdokter.com/gigimulut/read/2010/09/27/228/anatomi-gigi.
2. (id) Mozartha M. Anatomi Gigi (2) [Internet]. [Tempat tidak diketahui]: Klikdokter; c2008 ‒ 2010 [dimutakhirkan 2010 Sep 27; diakses 2012 Feb 27]. Tersedia dari: http://www.klikdokter.com/gigimulut/read/2010/09/27/229/anatomi-gigi--2-.