Who's Who in China (edisi ke-3)/Chang Tso-hsiang
General Chang Tso-hsiang was born at I-Hsien, Fengtien Province. In his youth he is reported to have led a life very much similar to that of Generals Chang Tso-lin and Chang Ching-hui, that is a leader of independent bands of soldiers. For several years however, General Chang has been a strong lieutenant of Marshal Chang Tso-lin. After he had surrendered to the authorities together with General Chang Tso-lin, General Chang became Commander of a Battalion of Patrol Forces first stationed at Hsin Ming Tun and later at Cheng Chia Tun and Tiao Nan. After the establishment of the Republic, General Chang was appointed Commander of the 27th Cavalry Regiment of the 27th Division. For a time he was commander of the 27th Artillery Regiment of the same Division. In December 1917 he was appointed Commander of the 54th Brigade of the 27th Division to succeed General Sun Lieh-cheng. In January 1918 he was made a Lieutenant General. In January 1919 he was appointed to be concurrently the Chief of Staff to the High Inspecting Commissioner of the Three Eastern Provinces. In May 1919 he was removed from the Commandership of the 54th Brigade and, in August 1919 was appointed Commander of the Twenty-Seventh Division to succeed General Sun Lieh-cheng was had became Tuchun of Heilungkiang. In January of 1920 General Chang received the Second Order of Paokuang Chiaho and in February 1920 he was awarded the Fifth Order of Merit and in October of the same year was given the Fourth Order of Merit. In December 1920 he was removed from the position of Chief of Staff to Marshal Chang Tso-ling. In July 1921 General Chang, still commanding the 27th Division, received the Second Order of Tashou Chiaho. In April 1922 the 27th Division participated in the Chihli-Fengtien fight between Wu Pei-fu and Chang Tso-ling which resulted in the defeat of the Fengtien troops. Since that time. Marshal Chang Tso-lin has declared his independence of Peking and his generals including Chang Tso-hsiang are receiving no orders from the Peking government but are serving under Marshal Chang Tso-lin for the preservation of peace and order in Manchuria. In April 1924 General Chang Tso-ling appointed General Chang Tso-hsiang to succeed General Sun Liencheng, who had died as Tuchun of Kirin. He has been also the assistant commander-in-chief of the Manchuria Forces for the Preservation of Peace.
